I received a 1099-misc from a company that I had credit card insurance with. The debt associated with that card was discharged through bankruptcy in Jan 2012. The company told me that they audited some accounts and determined that my original claim from 2008 was eligible for additional payments, which they made in June 2014.

Is there anyway that I can dispute this "income"? I may be wrong, but I seems like insurance fraud if a credit card company is knowingly accepting insurance money for a discharged debt.

I've contacted the company and am still waiting for a response

If you file bankruptcy and obtain a discharge from the bankruptcy court, your credit card debt will likely be wiped out entirely. This is not debt forgiveness, however; the creditor has little choice in the matter, and the debt itself still exists. The discharge eliminates only your obligation to repay it ;only the creditor knows why original claim from 2008 was eligible for additional payments. I guess you may need some legal advice from an expert